Overview

Research design and analysis form the foundation of educational psychology as a scientific discipline. These tools help researchers test theories, evaluate teaching practices, and inform evidence-based decision-making. Understanding research methods enables educators to critically analyze studies and apply findings to their own classrooms.

Key Themes and Concepts

• Research Designs: Includes experimental (with control groups), quasi-experimental (without full randomization), longitudinal (over time), and case studies (in-depth exploration of individuals or groups).
• Research Methods: Common techniques include surveys, observations, interviews, and standardized tests.
• Descriptive Statistics: Tools like mean, median, mode, and standard deviation summarize data and highlight trends.
• Correlation vs. Causation: Correlation shows a relationship but does not prove cause; experimental control is needed to determine causation.
• Ethical Research Practices: Informed consent, confidentiality, and protection from harm are essential in research involving students or minors.

Quick Tip

Correlation does not imply causation — a fundamental rule in educational research. Just because two variables move together doesn’t mean one causes the other. For example, students who read more may also perform better in school, but the act of reading doesn't necessarily cause success unless controlled studies confirm it. Understanding research design empowers educators to critically evaluate evidence and avoid misleading conclusions.