Information Systems | Hardware and Systems Technology

Information Systems

Hardware and Systems Technology

Overview

Hardware is the backbone of every information system—processors execute instructions, storage retains data, and networks move information across the globe. This topic introduces core device types, system functions, network architectures, and emerging wireless technologies such as IoT and RFID.

Key Concepts and Components

Devices: CPUs, GPUs, RAM, SSD/HDD, input (keyboard, scanners), output (monitors, printers), and IoT sensors.
System Functions: Operating systems (process, memory, file management), virtualization, and telecommunications hardware (routers, switches, modems).
Network Architectures: LAN, WAN, PAN, VPN, enterprise campus networks; topologies (star, mesh, bus).
Computer Classifications: Supercomputer, mainframe, server/workstation, PC, mobile, client–server clusters.
Wireless Technologies: Wi‑Fi 6/6E, 5G cellular, Bluetooth LE, RFID, GPS, satellite Internet.

Step-by-Step Example

Scenario: A college wants campus‑wide high‑speed wireless coverage and secure remote access to library resources. Outline the hardware and network technologies needed.

Step 1: Deploy Wi‑Fi 6E access points in a mesh topology for high throughput and low latency.

Step 2: Connect APs to PoE gigabit switches, linked via redundant fiber backbone to the data center core routers.

Step 3: Install VPN concentrator with MFA to allow off‑campus students secure access to journals.

Step 4: Use next‑gen firewalls for intrusion detection/prevention and bandwidth shaping.

Final Answer: A star‑wired, fiber‑backboned LAN with Wi‑Fi 6E edge radios and a VPN gateway meets coverage, speed, and security requirements.

Quick Tip

Upgrade wireless infrastructure every ~5 years to keep pace with device density and throughput needs—legacy APs are often the hidden bottleneck in modern networks.